MANUAL OF PETROLEUM MEASUREMENT STANDARDS - CHAPTER 11: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES DATA - SECTION 1: TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE VOLUME CORRECTION FACTORS FOR GENERALIZED CRUDE OILS, REFINED PRODUCTS, AND LUBRICATING OILS
American Petroleum Institute
11.1.0 Implementation Guidelines
11.1.1 Introduction & History
11.1.1.1 Early Temperature and Pressure Correction Tables
11.1.1.2 1952 Temperature Correction Tables
11.1.1.3 1980 Temperature Correction Tables
11.1.1.4 1981 Pressure Correction Tables
11.1.1.5 Changes to Previous Standards
11.1.1.6 Customary Temperature & Pressure Correction Tables
11.1.2 Purpose
11.1.2.1 Significance
11.1.2.2 Scope
11.1.2.3 Temperature, Pressure, and Density Limits
11.1.2.4 Classification of Liquids
11.1.2.4.1 Crude Oil
11.1.2.4.2 Refined Products
11.1.2.4.3 Lubricating Oils
11.1.2.4.4 Special Applications
11.1.2.5 Application of Tables to Specific Substances
11.1.2.5.1 Waxy Crudes
11.1.2.5.2 Natural and Drip Gasolines
11.1.2.5.3 LPG and NGL
11.1.2.5.4 LNG
11.1.2.5.5 Ethylene and Propylene
11.1.2.5.6 Butadiene
11.1.2.5.7 Cyclohexane and Aromatics
11.1.2.5.8 Asphalts and Road Tars
11.1.2.5.9 Reformulated Fuels
11.1.2.5.10 MTBE
11.1.2.5.11 JP-4
11.1.2.5.12 Pure Compounds
11.1.2.5.13 Gasohol
11.1.3 Outline of Calculation Procedures
11.1.3.1 Distinction Between 'Standard,' 'Base,' 'Observed,'
and 'Alternate' Conditions
11.1.3.2 Basic Equations
11.1.3.3 Calculation of CTL and CPL Factors in This Standard
11.1.3.4 Base Pressure in This Standard
11.1.3.5 Iteration Scheme to Determine Base Density from
Observed Density
11.1.3.6 Calculation of CTL and CPL Factors for Base
Temperatures Other Than 60 degrees F
11.1.3.7 Calculation Types
11.1.3.8 Calculating the Thermal Expansion Factor for
Special Applications
11.1.3.9 Rounding of Values
11.1.3.10 Glass Hydrometer Corrections
11.1.3.11 International Temperature Scale of 1990, ITS-90
11.1.4 Summary and Precision Statement
11.1.5 Implementation Procedures - General
11.1.5.1 Method to Convert Units of Temperature, Pressure,
Thermal Expansion Factor, and Density-Related
Values
11.1.5.2 Method to Calculate Thermal Expansion Factor from
Density Measurements
11.1.5.3 Method to Convert Temperature from ITS-90 to
IPTS-68 Basis
11.1.5.4 Rounding of Values
11.1.5.5 Other Implementation Considerations
11.1.6 Implementation Procedures for Customary Units
(60 degrees F and 0 psig Base Conditions)
11.1.6.1 Method to Correct a Measured Volume to Base
Conditions and Density from Base
Conditions to an Alternate Temperature and Pressure
11.1.6.2 Method to Correct Volume and Density from Observed
Conditions to Customary Base Conditions
11.1.6.3 Method to Correct Volume and Density from Observed
Conditions to Alternate Conditions
11.1.7 Implementation Procedures for Metric Units
(15 degrees C or 20 degrees C and 0 kPa Base Conditions)
11.1.7.1 Method to Correct a Measured Volume to Metric Base
Conditions and Density from Metric Base
Conditions to an Alternate Temperature and Pressure
11.1.7.2 Method to Correct Volume and Density from Metric
Observed Conditions to Metric Base Conditions
11.1.7.3 Method to Correct Volume and Density from Observed
Metric Conditions to Alternate Metric Conditions
11.1.8 Use of Implementation Procedures to Generate Correction
Factors in Tabular Format
11.1.8.1 Instructions to Generate Table 5A - API Gravity
Correction to 60 degrees F for Generalized
Crude Oils
11.1.8.2 Instructions to Generate Table 5B - API Gravity
Correction to 60 degrees F for Generalized Products
11.1.8.3 Instructions to Generate Table 5D - API Gravity
Correction to 60 degrees F for Generalized Lubricating
Oils
11.1.8.4 Instructions to Generate Tables 6A and 6B - Correction
of Volume to 60 degrees F Against API Gravity at
60 degrees F for Generalized Crude Oils and Products
11.1.8.5 Instructions to Generate Tables 6D - Correction of
Volume to 60 degrees F Against API Gravity at 60
degrees F for Generalized Lubricating Oils
11.1.8.6 Instructions to Generate Table 23A - Correction of
Observed Specific Gravity to Specific Gravity
60/60 degrees F for Generalized Crude Oils
11.1.8.7 Instructions to Generate Table 23B - Correction of
Observed Specific Gravity to Specific Gravity
60/60 degrees F for Generalized Products
11.1.8.8 Instructions to Generate Table 23D - Correction of
Observed Specific Gravity to Specific Gravity
60/60 degrees F for Generalized Lubricating Oils
11.1.8.9 Instructions to Generate Tables 24A and 24B -
Correction of Volume to 60 degrees F Against Specific
Gravity 60/60 degrees F for Generalized Crude Oils
and Products
11.1.8.10 Instructions to Generate Table 24D - Correction of
Volume to 60 degrees F Against Specific Gravity
60/60 degrees F for Generalized Lubricating Oils
11.1.8.11 Instructions to Generate Table 53A - Correction of
Observed Density to Density at 15 degrees C for
Generalized Crude Oils
11.1.8.12 Instructions to Generate Table 53B - Correction of
Observed Density to Density at 15 degrees C for
Generalized Products
11.1.8.13 Instructions to Generate Table 53D - Correction of
Observed Density to Density at 15 degrees C for
Generalized Lubricating Oils
11.1.8.14 Instructions to Generate Tables 54A - Correction
of Volume to 15 degrees C Against Density at
15 degrees C for Generalized Crude Oils
11.1.8.15 Instructions to Generate Tables 54B - Correction
of Volume to 15 degrees C Against Density at
15 degrees C for Generalized Products
11.1.8.16 Instructions to Generate Tables 54D - Correction
of Volume to 15 degrees C Against Density at
15 degrees C for Generalized Lubricating Oils
11.1.8.17 Instructions to Generate Tables 59A - Correction
of Observed Density to Density at 20 degrees C for
Generalized Crude Oils
11.1.8.18 Instructions to Generate Tables 59B - Correction of
Observed Density to Density at 20 degrees C for
Generalized Products
11.1.8.19 Instructions to Generate Tables 59D - Correction of
Observed Density to Density at 20 degrees C for
Generalized Lubricating Oils
11.1.8.20 Instructions to Generate Table 60A - Correction of
Volume to 20 degrees C Against Density at 20 degrees
C for Generalized Crude Oils
11.1.8.21 Instructions to Generate Table 60B - Correction of
Volume to 20 degrees C Against Density at 20 degrees
C for Generalized Products
11.1.8.22 Instructions to Generate Table 60D - Correction of
Volume to 20 degrees C Against Density at 20 degrees
C for Generalized Lubricating Oils
11.1.8.23 Instructions to Generate Tables 6C & 24C - Volume
Correction Factors for Individual and Special
Applications Volume Correction to 60 degrees F
Against Thermal Expansion Coefficients at 60
degrees F
11.1.8.24 Instructions to Generate Tables 54C & 60C - Volume
Correction Factors for Individual and Special
Applications Volume Correction to 15 degrees C or
20 degrees C Against Thermal Expansion Coefficients
11.1.8.25 Instructions to Generate 1984 Chapter 11.2.1
Compressibility Factor Table - Compressibility
Factors for Hydrocarbons Related to API Gravity
and Metering Temperature
11.1.8.26 Instructions to Generate 1984 Chapter 11.2.1M
Compressibility Factor Table - Compressibility
Factors for Hydrocarbons Related to Density and
Metering Temperature
Appendix A - History & Development of the 1980 Petroleum
Measurement Tables
A.1 Background
A.2 Experimental Project
A.3 Fluid Groups
A.4 Separate Representation Needed for Crude and Product
Classes
A.5 Correlation Development
A.6 Parameter Determination and Results
A.7 Development of 1980 Tables
A.8 Summary and Precision Statement
Independent Test of the Correlation
A.9 Comparison of the Pre-1980 and 1980 Tables
Hydrometer Corrections
A.10 Density & Relative Density
A.11 References
Appendix B - History & Development of the 1981 Hydrocarbon
Compressibility Factors
B.1 Basic Mathematical Model & Uncertainty Analysis
B.2 References
Appendix C - Development of Modified CTL Equations for Base
Temperatures Other Than 60 degrees F
C.1 Introduction
C.2 Changing Temperature Bases
C.3 Consistency of Results
C.4 Original Equations
C.5 Mathematical Conversion from Customary to Metric
Temperature Units
C.5.1 Conversion of Temperatures
C.5.2 Shift of Base Temperature Value
C.5.3 Calculation of the 60 degrees F Thermal Expansion Factor
C.6 Conversion to ITS-90 Temperature Scale
Appendix D - International Temperature Scale of 1990, ITS-90
Changes to the International Temperature Scale Since
1980 Impact on the Petroleum Measurement Tables
60 degrees F Water Density
Appendix E - Development of Thermal Expansion Regression
Equations
Appendix F - Development of Iteration Equations
Newton's Method
Derivation of This Standard's Newton's Method Equations
Simplification of the Temperature Derivative Term
Special Applications - 'C' Tables
Use of Iteration Equations to Shift 60 degrees F Standard Density
Specifies the algorithm and implementation procedure for the correction of temperature and pressure effects on density and volume of liquid hydrocarbons which fall within the categories of crude oil, refined products, or lubricating oils.
| Document Type | Standard |
| Status | Current |
| Publisher | American Petroleum Institute |
| ProductNote | Reconfirmed 2007 |
| Supersedes |
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| Superseded By |
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