API 1500 : 2ED 88

STORAGE AND HANDLING OF AVIATION FUELS AT AIRPORTS

American Petroleum Institute

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Section 1 - General
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope
1.3 Referenced publications
Section 2 - Identification and properties of aviation
            fuel
2.1 Fuel identification
2.1.1 General
2.1.2 Types of jet fuel
2.1.3 Types of aviation gasoline
2.2 Fuel properties
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Flammability
2.2.3 Thermal stability
2.2.4 Viscosity and gravity
2.2.5 Cleanliness and water-separation characteristics
Section 3 - Basic principles of handling aviation fuel
3.1 General
3.2 Fuel-handling principles
3.2.1 Contamination exclusion
3.2.2 Continuous cleanup
3.2.3 Safeguards
3.2.4 Personnel
Section 4 - Protecting the quality of aviation fuel
4.1 General
4.2 Contaminants
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Solids
4.2.3 Water
4.2.4 Surfactants
4.2.5 Microorganisms
4.2.6 Miscellaneous
4.3 Filtration
4.3.1 Aviation gasoline
4.3.2 Jet fuel
4.3.3 Approved filter/separators
4.4 Product identification and security
4.5 Tests for contaminants
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Visual test
4.5.3 Water indicator pastes and detectors
4.5.4 Filter-membrane (Millipore) test
4.6 Operational checks and records
4.6.1 General
4.6.2 Daily inspections
4.6.3 Weekly inspections
4.6.4 Monthly inspections
4.6.5 Demand inspections
4.6.6 Replacement of filter/separator and clay
        elements
Section 5 - Planning criteria for airport fueling
            systems
5.1 General
5.2 Planning of airport fueling systems
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Overall airport plan
5.2.3 Geophysical considerations
5.2.4 Operational arrangements
5.2.5 Required fueling positions
5.2.6 Gate assignments
5.2.7 Types of aircraft to be serviced
5.2.8 Number of brands or grades of fuel to be handled
5.2.9 Individual fuel loads and ground times
5.2.10 Peak demand for any one brand or grade of fuel
5.2.11 Applicable codes and regulations
5.2.12 Location of fuel storage
5.2.13 Environmental protection
5.3 Fueling systems
5.3.1 Fueler system
5.3.2 Hydrant system
5.3.3 Pit system
5.3.4 Cabinet system
5.4 Comparison of fueling systems
5.4.1 Initial costs
5.4.2 Operating costs
5.4.3 Operating flexibility
Section 6 - Installation of fixed facilities at airports
6.1 General
6.2 Fuel storage tanks
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Location of tanks
6.2.3 Storage capacity
6.2.4 Types of storage tanks
6.3 Facilities to fill storage tanks
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Fill lines
6.4 Facilities for fuel withdrawal and distribution
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Suction lines
6.4.3 Pumps
6.4.4 Water separation
6.4.5 Air separation
6.4.6 Delivery lines
6.5 Dispensing equipment
6.5.1 Fueler loading facilities
6.5.2 Hydrant systems
6.5.3 Cabinet systems
6.5.4 Pit systems
6.6 Defueling
Section 7 - Mobile equipment
7.1 General
7.2 Advantages and disadvantages
7.2.1 Fuelers
7.2.2 Hydrant vehicles
7.3 Design considerations
7.3.1 Fuelers
7.3.2 Hydrant vehicles
7.4 Recommended design features
7.4.1 Fuelers
7.4.2 Hydrant vehicles
7.5 Typical flow diagram
7.5.1 Fuelers
7.5.2 Hydrant vehicles
Figures
1 Temperature ranges in which the vapor space of
        storage tanks located at sea level may be within
        the flammable range
2 Viscosity ranges of aviation fuels
3 Acceptable sampling connection for filter-
        membrane testing apparatus
4 Sample inspection log
5 Typical flow diagram: stiff-chassis fueler with
        mechanically powered takeoff pump valve
6 Typical flow diagram: hydrant servicer with
        pump, two short deck hoses, two long delivery
        hoses, and two wraparound inlet hoses
Table
1 Minimum temperatures for flammable vapor-air
        mixtures in open spaces

Abstract

Covers the basic principles for the design of fuel handling facilities and equipment at airports. It is intended as a useful reference for persons responsible for the planning and operation of aviation fuel handling facilities and associated equipment.