AS 4198-1994

Precast concrete access chambers for sewerage applications

Standards Australia

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1 - AS 4198:1994 PRECAST CONCRETE ACCESS CHAMBERS FOR SEWERAGE APPLICATIONS
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND GENERAL
7 - 1.1 SCOPE
7 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
8 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
8 - 1.3.1 Access chamber
8 - 1.3.2 Access cover
8 - 1.3.3 Access cover clear opening
8 - 1.3.4 Batch
8 - 1.3.5 Conversion slab
8 - 1.3.6 Frame
8 - 1.3.7 Ladder
8 - 1.3.8 Major top component
8 - 1.3.9 Make-up ring
8 - 1.3.10 Nominal size
8 - 1.3.11 Precast base
8 - 1.3.12 Shaft section
8 - 1.3.13 Squat cone
9 - 1.3.14 Step-down
9 - 1.3.15 Step irons
9 - 1.3.16 Step-up
9 - 1.3.17 Straight-back taper
9 - 1.4 MARKING
10 - SECTION 2 - MATERIALS
10 - 2.1 CONCRETE MATERIALS
10 - 2.1.1 Cement
10 - 2.1.2 Supplementary cementitious materials
10 - 2.1.3 Aggregates
10 - 2.1.4 Water
10 - 2.1.5 Admixtures
10 - 2.1.6 Restriction on chemical content
10 - 2.2 REINFORCEMENT
10 - 2.3 JOINT MATERIALS
11 - SECTION 3 - DETAILS , WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH
11 - 3.1 DETAILS
11 - 3.1.1 General
11 - 3.1.2 Classification
11 - 3.1.3 Access limitation
11 - 3.2 DIMENSIONS
11 - 3.2.1 General
11 - 3.2.2 Internal diameter of shafts
11 - 3.2.3 Access cover clear opening
11 - 3.3 MEASUREMENT OF DIMENSIONS
11 - 3.3.1 Internal diameter of shaft
14 - 3.3.2 Wall thickness
14 - 3.3.3 Effective height
14 - 3.3.4 Access cover thickness
14 - 3.4 TOLERANCES
14 - 3.5 STRAIGHTNESS
14 - 3.6 SQUARENESS OF ENDS
15 - 3.7 WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH
15 - 3.7.1 Joints
15 - 3.7.2 Reinforcement
15 - 3.7.2.1 General
15 - 3.7.2.2 Fabrication
15 - 3.7.2.3 Splicing
15 - 3.7.3 Cover
15 - 3.7.4 Unreinforced access chamber components
15 - 3.7.5 Classification of defects
15 - 3.7.5.1 Reinforced components
16 - 3.7.5.2 Defect types
16 - 3.7.5.3 Acceptability of defects
16 - 3.7.5.4 Unreinforced components
17 - 3.7.5.5 Finishing and repairs
17 - 3.8 HANDLING AND STORAGE
17 - 3.8.1 General
17 - 3.8.2 Lifting elements
18 - SECTION 4 - STEP IRONS AND LADDERS
18 - 4.1 STEP IRONS
18 - 4.2 FIXED LADDERS
18 - 4.3 PERFORMANCE TESTING OF STEP IRONS AND LADDERS
18 - 4.4 MATERIALS
18 - 4.5 STEP-UP AND STEP-DOWN LIMITATIONS
18 - 4.5.1 Step-up
18 - 4.5.2 Step-down
20 - SECTION 5 - ACCESS COVERS AND FRAMES
20 - 5.1 GENERAL
20 - 5.1.1 Classification
20 - 5.1.2 Lifting keyholes
20 - 5.2 SURFACE TOLERANCE AND CLEARANCE
20 - 5.2.1 Surface tolerance
20 - 5.2.2 Clearance gaps
20 - 5.3 SURFACE FINISH
22 - SECTION 6 - SAMPLING AND TESTING OF ACCESS CHAMBER COMPONENTS
22 - 6.1 GENERAL
22 - 6.1.1 Facilities for sampling and testing
22 - 6.1.2 Testing procedures
22 - 6.1.3 Required tests
22 - 6.2 TYPE TESTING
22 - 6.2.1 General
22 - 6.2.2 Manufacture
22 - 6.2.3 Test specimens
22 - 6.2.4 Type test requirements
22 - 6.2.4.1 Ultimate load
22 - 6.2.4.2 Proof load
24 - 6.2.4.3 Cover
24 - 6.2.4.4 Water absorption
24 - 6.2.4.5 Hydrostatic testing of shafts
24 - 6.2.4.6 Hydrostatic testing of joints
24 - 6.2.4.7 Dimensional accuracy
24 - 6.2.4.8 Step iron and ladder requirements
24 - 6.3 ROUTINE TESTING REQUIREMENTS
24 - 6.3.1 General
24 - 6.3.2 Sampling
24 - 6.3.3 Testing
25 - APPENDIX A - MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD
25 - A1 SCOPE
25 - A2 STATISTICAL SAMPLING
25 - A3 PRODUCT CERTIFICATION
25 - A4 SUPPLIER’S QUALITY SYSTEM
26 - A5 OTHER MEANS OF ASSESSMENT
26 - A5.1 General
26 - A5.2 Proof load testing
26 - A5.3 Cover testing
26 - A5.4 Water absorption testing
26 - A5.5 Hydrostatic test of shaft
26 - A5.6 Hydrostatic test of joint
27 - A5.7 Dimensional accuracy
27 - A5.8 Step irons and ladders
28 - APPENDIX B - INFORMATION EXCHANGE BETWEEN MANUFACTURER AND PURCHASER
28 - B1 GENERAL
28 - B2 INFORMATIONTO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER
28 - B3 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE MANUFACTURER
30 - APPENDIX C - METHODS FOR LOAD TESTING OF ACCESS CHAMBER COMPONENTS
30 - C1 SCOPE
30 - C2 APPLICATION
30 - C3 APPARATUS
30 - C3.1 Timber bearing blocks
30 - C3.2 Standard feeler gauges
30 - C3.3 Load testing equipment
30 - C4 CONDITION OF TEST SPECIMENS
30 - C5 POSITIONING OF TEST SPECIMENS
30 - C5.1 General
30 - C5.2 Access covers and frames
30 - C5.3 Squat cones, straight- back tapers and conversion slabs
30 - C5.4 Shaft sections and precast bases
31 - C5.5 Positioning of bearer blocks
31 - C6 PROCEDURE
31 - C6.1 Application of test loads
31 - C6.2 Proof load test
31 - C6.3 Ultimate load test
31 - C7 SELECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF CRACK WIDTH
31 - C8 REPORT
37 - APPENDIX D - METHOD FOR COVER TESTING OF REINFORCED PRECAST CONCRETE ACCESS CHAMBER COMPONENTS
37 - D1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
37 - D2 PRINCIPLE
37 - D3 APPARATUS
37 - D3.1 Cutting tools
37 - D3.2 Cover meter
37 - D4 CONDITION OF SAMPLE COMPONENT
37 - D5 TEST PROCEDURE
37 - D5.1 Direct method
37 - D5.1.1 Location of chases
37 - D5.1.2 Procedure
37 - D5.2 Indirect method
37 - D5.2.1 Calibration of meter
38 - D5.2.2 Procedure
38 - D6 RECORDS
38 - D6.1 General
38 - D6.2 Records
39 - APPENDIX E - METHOD FOR WATER ABSORPTION TESTING
39 - E1 SCOPE
39 - E2 PRINCIPLE
39 - E3 APPARATUS
39 - E3.1 Drying oven
39 - E3.2 Balance
39 - E3.3 Desiccator
39 - E3.4 Urn
39 - E3.5 Ancillary items
39 - E4 CONDITION OF SAMPLE COMPONENTS
39 - E5 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN
39 - E6 TEST PROCEDURES
39 - E6.1 General
40 - E6.2 Procedures
40 - E6.2.1 Determination of dry mass
40 - E6.2.2 Immersion procedure
40 - E6.2.3 Determination of saturated surface-dry mass
40 - E7 CALCULATIONS
40 - E8 RECORDS AND REPORTS
40 - E8.1 General
40 - E8.2 Records
42 - APPENDIX F - METHOD FOR HYDROSTATIC TESTING OF A SHAFT SECTION
42 - F1 SCOPE
42 - F2 APPARATUS
42 - F2.1 Pressurizing equipment
42 - F2.2 End caps
42 - F2.3 Pressure indicator
42 - F3 SAMPLE PREPARATION
42 - F3.1 General
42 - F3.2 Positioning of shaft and end caps
42 - F3.3 Preparations for testing
42 - F4 TEST PROCEDURE
42 - F4.1
43 - F4.2 Failure of shaft section
43 - F5 RECORDS
45 - APPENDIX G - METHOD FOR HYDROSTATIC TESTING OF A JOINT ASSEMBLY
45 - G1 SCOPE
45 - G2 PRINCIPLE
45 - G3 APPARATUS
45 - G3.1 A hydrostatic steel test band
45 - G3.2 Pressurizing equipment
45 - G3.3 Pressure indicator
45 - G4 ASSEMBLY
45 - G5 PROCEDURE
45 - G6 REPORT
47 - APPENDIX H - METHOD FOR LOAD TESTING OF STEP IRONS AND LADDERS
47 - H1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
47 - H2 PRINCIPLE
47 - H3 APPARATUS
47 - H4 PROCEDURE
47 - H5 RECORDS FOR EACH TEST STEP
48 - APPENDIX I - GUIDE TO CONCENTRATION LIMITS APPLICABLE TO SOME CONSTITUENTS OF THE BURIED ENVIRONMENT
48 - I1 SCOPE
48 - I2 CONCENTRATION GUIDE

Abstract

Specifies the requirements of precast concrete access chambers (PCAC), and the minimum requirements for the materials to be used in, and the manufacture of, controlled quality PCAC components and includes descriptions of methods of sampling and testing of components. The Standard applies to PCAC components manufactured from reinforced or unreinforced concrete that are intended for use with buried sewer pipes to a depth of 6 m and for pipes not greater than 300 mm in diameter. While the Standard is limited to sewerage applications, reference may be made for drainage applications. Recommended installation procedures are not covered by this Standard.

Scope

This Standard describes the requirements of precast concrete access chambers and the minimum requirements for the materials to be used in, and the manufacture of, controlled quality precast concrete access chamber (PCAC) components. It also describes methods of sampling and testing of components manufactured in accordance with this Standard.

This Standard applies to precast concrete access chamber components manufactured from steel reinforced or unreinforced concrete that are intended for use with buried sewerage systems to a depth of 6 m and for sewer pipes not greater than 300 mm diameter.

NOTES:
1 Advisory information on means for demonstrating compliance with this Standard is given in Appendix A.
2 Guidance on the information to be supplied between purchaser and supplier at the time of enquiry or order is given in Appendix B.
3 For sewer pipes greater than 300 mm diameter and shafts deeper than 6 m, agreement may be made between the manufacturer/regulatory authority/purchaser.