AS 1359.102.1-1997

Table of Contents

<toc>
<bookmarktable>
<bookmark index='0'>
<pageno>1</pageno>
<text>AS 1359.102.1-1997 ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS - METHODS FOR DETERMINING LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY - GEN</text>
<bookmark index='1'>
<pageno>4</pageno>
<text>PREFACE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='2'>
<pageno>5</pageno>
<text>CONTENTS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='3'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>SECTION ONE - GENERAL</text>
<bookmark index='4'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1 Scope</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='5'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>2 Object</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='6'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>3 General</text>
<bookmark index='7'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>3.1 List of symbols</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='8'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>4 Definitions</text>
<bookmark index='9'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>4.1 Efficiency</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='10'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>4.2 Total loss</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='11'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.3 Braking test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='12'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.4 Calibrated driving machine test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='13'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.5 Mechanical back-to-back test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='14'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.6 Electrical back-to-back test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='15'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.7 Retardation test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='16'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.8 Calorimetric test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='17'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.9 No-load test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='18'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.10 Open-circuit test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='19'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.11 Sustained short-circuit test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='20'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>4.12 Zero power factor test</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='21'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>5 Reference temperature</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='22'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>SECTION TWO - D.C. MACHINES</text>
<bookmark index='23'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>6 Losses to be included</text>
<bookmark index='24'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>6.1 Excitation circuit losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='25'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>6.2 Constant losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='26'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>6.3 Load losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='27'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>6.4 Additional load losses</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='28'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>7 Determination of efficiency</text>
<bookmark index='29'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>7.1 Summation of losses</text>
<bookmark index='30'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>7.1.1 Excitation losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='31'>
<pageno>13</pageno>
<text>7.1.2 Constant losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='32'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>7.1.3 Load losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='33'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>7.1.4 Additional load losses</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='34'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>7.2 Total loss measurement</text>
<bookmark index='35'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>7.2.1 Electrical back-to-back tests (see clause 16)</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='36'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>7.3 Direct measurement of efficiency</text>
<bookmark index='37'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>7.3.1 Braking test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='38'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>7.3.2 Calibrated machine test (see clause 13)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='39'>
<pageno>16</pageno>
<text>7.3.3 Mechanical back-to- back test</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='40'>
<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>SECTION THREE - POLYPHASE INDUCTION MACHINES</text>
<bookmark index='41'>
<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>8 Losses to be included</text>
<bookmark index='42'>
<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>8.1 Constant losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='43'>
<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>8.2 Load losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='44'>
<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>8.3 Additional load losses</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='45'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>9 Determination of efficiency</text>
<bookmark index='46'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>9.1 Summation of losses</text>
<bookmark index='47'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>9.1.1 Constant losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='48'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>9.1.2 Load losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='49'>
<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.1.3 Additional load losses</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='50'>
<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.2 Total loss measurement</text>
<bookmark index='51'>
<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.2.1 Electrical back-to-back test (see clause 16)</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='52'>
<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.3 Direct measurement of efficiency</text>
<bookmark index='53'>
<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.3.1 Braking test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='54'>
<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.3.2 Calibrated machine test (see clause 13)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='55'>
<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>9.3.3 Mechanical back-to-back test</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='56'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>SECTION FOUR - SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES</text>
<bookmark index='57'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>10 Losses to be included</text>
<bookmark index='58'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>10.1 Constant losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='59'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>10.2 Load losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='60'>
<pageno>21</pageno>
<text>10.3 Excitation circuit losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='61'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>10.4 Additional load losses</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='62'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>11 Determination of efficiency</text>
<bookmark index='63'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>11.1 Summation of losses</text>
<bookmark index='64'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>11.1.1 Excitation circuit losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='65'>
<pageno>23</pageno>
<text>11.1.2 Constant losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='66'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>11.1.3 Load losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='67'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>11.1.4 Additional load losses</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='68'>
<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.2 Total loss measurement</text>
<bookmark index='69'>
<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.2.1 Electrical back-to-back test (see clause 16)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='70'>
<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.2.2 Zero power factor test (see clause 14)</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='71'>
<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.3 Direct measurement of efficiency</text>
<bookmark index='72'>
<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.3.1 Braking test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='73'>
<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.3.2 Calibrated machine test (see clause 13)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='74'>
<pageno>25</pageno>
<text>11.3.3 Mechanical back-to-back test</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='75'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>SECTION FIVE - METHODS OF TEST</text>
<bookmark index='76'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>12 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='77'>
<pageno>27</pageno>
<text>13 Calibrated machine test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='78'>
<pageno>27</pageno>
<text>14 Zero power factor test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='79'>
<pageno>27</pageno>
<text>15 Retardation method</text>
<bookmark index='80'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>15.1 General</text>
<bookmark index='81'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>15.1.1 Fundamentals</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='82'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>15.1.2 Method of the chord</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='83'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>15.1.3 Method of the limiting secant</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='84'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>15.1.4 Method of the average speed of rotation</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='85'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>15.2 Composition of retardation tests</text>
<bookmark index='86'>
<pageno>29</pageno>
<text>15.2.1 Composition of tests with known moment of inertia</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='87'>
<pageno>30</pageno>
<text>15.2.2 Composition of test with unknown moment of inertia</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='88'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>15.3 Retardation test procedure</text>
<bookmark index='89'>
<pageno>31</pageno>
<text>15.3.1 State of a tested machine during retardation tests</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='90'>
<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>15.3.2 Tested machine coupled with other mechanisms</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='91'>
<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>15.3.3 Rotation of a tested machine</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='92'>
<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>15.3.4 Procedure performed prior to starting the tests</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='93'>
<pageno>33</pageno>
<text>15.3.5 Procedures during retardation</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='94'>
<pageno>33</pageno>
<text>15.3.6 Program of retardation tests</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='95'>
<pageno>33</pageno>
<text>15.4 Taking of measurements</text>
<bookmark index='96'>
<pageno>33</pageno>
<text>15.4.1 Methods of measurements</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='97'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>15.4.2 Accelerometric method</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='98'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>15.4.3 Tachometric method</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='99'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>15.4.4 Chronographic method</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='100'>
<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>15.4.5 Measurement of losses in bearings</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='101'>
<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>16 Electrical back-to-back test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='102'>
<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>17 Calorimetric test</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='103'>
<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>18 Schedule of preferred tests</text>
<bookmark index='104'>
<pageno>35</pageno>
<text>18.1 D. C. machines</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='105'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>18.2 Polyphase induction machines</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='106'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>18.3 Synchronous machines</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='107'>
<pageno>39</pageno>
<text>Annex A - Provisional methods for determining losses and efficiency of converter-fed cage induction machines</text>
<bookmark index='108'>
<pageno>39</pageno>
<text>A.1 Determination of losses and efficiency of converter-fed motors</text>
<bookmark index='109'>
<pageno>39</pageno>
<text>A.1.1 Components of the additional losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='110'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>A.1.2 Efficiency determination by input-output measurement</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='111'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>A.1.3 Efficiency determination by summation of losses</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='112'>
<pageno>41</pageno>
<text>A.1.4 Efficiency determination by the calorimetric method</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='113'>
<pageno>41</pageno>
<text>A.1.5 Efficiency determination by summation of losses from tests on a sinusoidal system with lumped increments to take care o</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='114'>
<pageno>42</pageno>
<text>A.1.6 Recommended methods</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='115'>
<pageno>42</pageno>
<text>A.2 Requirements for the measuring instruments</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='116'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>A.3 Total loss measurement</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='117'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>A.4 Summation of losses</text>
<bookmark index='118'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>A.4.1 Motor supplied by I-converter with block-wave output.</text>
<bookmark index='119'>
<pageno>43</pageno>
<text>A.4.1.1 No-load test when fed by converter</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='120'>
<pageno>44</pageno>
<text>A.4.1.2 Load test when fed by converter</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='121'>
<pageno>44</pageno>
<text>A.4.2 Motor supplied by U-converter</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='122'>
<pageno>45</pageno>
<text>A.4.3 Summation of losses by a load test with sinusoidal supply and a no-load test with converter supply</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='123'>
<pageno>45</pageno>
<text>A.5 Method with assumed increments to the losses determined on sinusoidal supply</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='124'>
<pageno>46</pageno>
<text>A.6 Basic considerations concerning converters</text>
<bookmark index='125'>
<pageno>46</pageno>
<text>A.6.1 Typical converter output waveforms</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='126'>
<pageno>46</pageno>
<text>A.6.2 PWM-converter harmonics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmarktable>
</toc>

Abstract

Specifies the calculation of efficiency from the summation of individual losses or from measurement of total losses. Specifies particular losses to be included for various types of machine. Details calibrated machine test, zero power-factor test, retardation test and electrical back-to-back test. This Standard is technically equivalent to and reproduced from IEC 34-2:1972 including Amd. 1:1995 and Amd. 2:1996.

Scope

This Recommendation applies to d.c. machines and to a.c. synchronous and induction machines of all sizes within the scope of IEC Publication 34-1. The principles can, however, be applied to other types of machines such as rotary converters, a.c. commutator motors and single-phase induction motors for which other methods of determining losses are generally used.

General Product Information

Published
Document Type	Standard
Status	Current
Publisher	Standards Australia
ProductNote	Pending Revision indicates that as a result of the Aged Standards review process, the document needs updating. If no project proposal, meeting the quality criteria, is received within the 12 month timeframe, the document shall be withdrawn.
Pages
ISBN
Committee	EL-009
Supersedes	AS 1359.33-1983 DR 96091 DR 96206