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AS 2858-2008

AS 2858-2008

Timber - Softwood - Visually stress-graded for structural purposes

Standards Australia

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Table of Contents

<toc>
<bookmarktable>
<bookmark index='0'>
<pageno>1</pageno>
<text>AS 2858-2008 TIMBER-SOFTWOOD-VISUALLY STRESS-GRADED FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES</text>
<bookmark index='1'>
<pageno>4</pageno>
<text>PREFACE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='2'>
<pageno>5</pageno>
<text>CONTENTS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='3'>
<pageno>6</pageno>
<text>SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL</text>
<bookmark index='4'>
<pageno>6</pageno>
<text>1.1 SCOPE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='5'>
<pageno>6</pageno>
<text>1.2 APPLICATION</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='6'>
<pageno>6</pageno>
<text>1.3 NORMATIVE REFERENCES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='7'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4 DEFINITIONS</text>
<bookmark index='8'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.1 Check</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='9'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.2 Check, internal</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='10'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.3 Compression failure</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='11'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.4 Exceptionally low density material</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='12'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.5 Growth rings within 50 mm of the centre of the pith</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='13'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.6 Knot (hoop only)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='14'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.7 Knot, arris (cypress only)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='15'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.8 Knot cluster</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='16'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.9 Knot, edge</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='17'>
<pageno>7</pageno>
<text>1.4.10 Knot, face</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='18'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.4.11 Knot group</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='19'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.4.12 Knot, other (all species except cypress and hoop)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='20'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.4.13 Knot, through (cypress only)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='21'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.4.14 Knot-area ratio (KAR)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='22'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.4.15 Mixed species</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='23'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.4.16 Parcel</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='24'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.4.17 Occluded branch stub</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='25'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.4.18 Shake</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='26'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.4.19 Sized</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='27'>
<pageno>8</pageno>
<text>1.4.20 Species mixture</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='28'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>1.4.21 Stress-grading, visual</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='29'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>1.4.22 Surface</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='30'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>1.4.23 Termite galley</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='31'>
<pageno>9</pageno>
<text>1.5 TIMBER SPECIES AND STRESS GRADES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='32'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.6 GRADES</text>
<bookmark index='33'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.6.1 Structural grades of softwood (excluding cypress and hoop)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='34'>
<pageno>10</pageno>
<text>1.6.2 Grades of structural cypress</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='35'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.6.3 Grades of structural hoop</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='36'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.7 SIZES AND TOLERANCES</text>
<bookmark index='37'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.7.1 Dimensions</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='38'>
<pageno>11</pageno>
<text>1.7.2 Squareness</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='39'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>1.8 MOISTURE CONTENT</text>
<bookmark index='40'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>1.8.1 Testing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='41'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>1.8.2 Seasoned timber</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='42'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>1.9 CHARACTERISTICS</text>
<bookmark index='43'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>1.9.1 Measurement of characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='44'>
<pageno>12</pageno>
<text>1.9.2 Combination of characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='45'>
<pageno>13</pageno>
<text>1.9.3 Characteristics occurring entirely within the prescribed limits for want and wane</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='46'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>1.9.4 Mechanical damage</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='47'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>1.10 GRADE LIMITATION AND GRADING</text>
<bookmark index='48'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>1.10.1 Basis</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='49'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>1.10.2 Limitations</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='50'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>1.10.3 Variations in assessment</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='51'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>1.10.4 Resawing</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='52'>
<pageno>14</pageno>
<text>1.10.5 Grading check</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='53'>
<pageno>15</pageno>
<text>1.10.6 Moisture content of preservative-treated timber</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='54'>
<pageno>15</pageno>
<text>1.10.7 Docking of multiple lengths</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='55'>
<pageno>15</pageno>
<text>1.11 PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='56'>
<pageno>15</pageno>
<text>1.12 IDENTIFICATION OF GRADE</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='57'>
<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>SECTION 2 GRADE DESCRIPTIONS</text>
<bookmark index='58'>
<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>2.1 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 1</text>
<bookmark index='59'>
<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>2.1.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='60'>
<pageno>17</pageno>
<text>2.1.2 Permissible characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='61'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>2.2 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 2</text>
<bookmark index='62'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>2.2.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='63'>
<pageno>18</pageno>
<text>2.2.2 Permissible characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='64'>
<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>2.3 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 3</text>
<bookmark index='65'>
<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>2.3.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='66'>
<pageno>20</pageno>
<text>2.3.2 Permissible characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='67'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>2.4 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 4</text>
<bookmark index='68'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>2.4.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='69'>
<pageno>22</pageno>
<text>2.4.2 Permissible characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='70'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>2.5 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 5</text>
<bookmark index='71'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>2.5.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='72'>
<pageno>24</pageno>
<text>2.5.2 Permissible characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='73'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>2.6 HEART-IN STUD GRADE (seasoned pinus species only)</text>
<bookmark index='74'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>2.6.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='75'>
<pageno>26</pageno>
<text>2.6.2 Permissible characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='76'>
<pageno>27</pageno>
<text>2.7 STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE GRADES</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='77'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>SECTION 3 GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR CYPRESS</text>
<bookmark index='78'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>3.1 GENERAL</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='79'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>3.2 STRESS GRADE F7</text>
<bookmark index='80'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>3.2.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='81'>
<pageno>28</pageno>
<text>3.2.2 Permissible characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='82'>
<pageno>30</pageno>
<text>3.3 STRESS GRADE F5</text>
<bookmark index='83'>
<pageno>30</pageno>
<text>3.3.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='84'>
<pageno>30</pageno>
<text>3.3.2 Permissible characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='85'>
<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>3.4 STRESS GRADE F4</text>
<bookmark index='86'>
<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>3.4.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='87'>
<pageno>32</pageno>
<text>3.4.2 Permissible characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='88'>
<pageno>33</pageno>
<text>3.5 STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE GRADES</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='89'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>SECTION 4 GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR HOOP</text>
<bookmark index='90'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>4.1 GENERAL</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='91'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>4.2 STRESS GRADE F8</text>
<bookmark index='92'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>4.2.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='93'>
<pageno>34</pageno>
<text>4.2.2 Permissible characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='94'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>4.3 STRESS GRADE F7</text>
<bookmark index='95'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>4.3.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='96'>
<pageno>36</pageno>
<text>4.3.2 Permissible characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='97'>
<pageno>38</pageno>
<text>4.4 STRESS GRADE F5</text>
<bookmark index='98'>
<pageno>38</pageno>
<text>4.4.1 General</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='99'>
<pageno>38</pageno>
<text>4.4.2 Permissible characteristics</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='100'>
<pageno>39</pageno>
<text>4.5 STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE GRADES</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='101'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX A - STRESS GRADES, STRENGTH GROUPS AND PROPERTIES OF SOFTWOODS</text>
<bookmark index='102'>
<pageno>40</pageno>
<text>A1 PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL TIMBERS</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='103'>
<pageno>45</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX B - STRENGTH GROUPS, STRUCTURAL GRADES AND STRESS GRADES OF TIMBER</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='104'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX C - MEASUREMENT OF CHARACTERISTICS</text>
<bookmark index='105'>
<pageno>47</pageno>
<text>&#191;C1 KNOTS, KNOT HOLES, CONE HOLES, HOLES OTHER THAN THOSE CAUSED BY INSECTS AND OCCLUDED BRANCH STUBS &#191;OTHER THAN FOR...</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='106'>
<pageno>54</pageno>
<text>C2 HEART-IN STUD GRADE</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='107'>
<pageno>55</pageno>
<text>C3 BORER HOLES</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='108'>
<pageno>56</pageno>
<text>C4 SLOPE OF GRAIN</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='109'>
<pageno>57</pageno>
<text>C5 GROWTH RINGS AND PITH</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='110'>
<pageno>59</pageno>
<text>C6 RESIN POCKETS, BARK POCKETS, OVERGROWTHS OF INJURY</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='111'>
<pageno>59</pageno>
<text>C7 CHECKS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='112'>
<pageno>60</pageno>
<text>C8 WANE AND WANT</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='113'>
<pageno>60</pageno>
<text>C9 BOW AND SPRING</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='114'>
<pageno>62</pageno>
<text>C10 TWIST</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='115'>
<pageno>63</pageno>
<text>C11 CUP</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='116'>
<pageno>64</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX D - SUMMARY TABLE OF GRADE DESCRIPTIONS (EXCLUDING CYPRESS AND HOOP)</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='117'>
<pageno>67</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX E - SUMMARY TABLE OF GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR CYPRESS</text>
</bookmark>
<bookmark index='118'>
<pageno>69</pageno>
<text>APPENDIX F - SUMMARY TABLE OF GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR HOOP</text>
</bookmark>
</bookmark>
</bookmarktable>
</toc>

Scope

This Standard specifies requirements for visual stress grading of sawn softwood intended for structural purposes at the time of grading.
This Standard does not apply to timber species with an average density at 12 percent moisture content below 360 kg/m3.
NOTES:
1 The coverage of softwood species or species mixtures listed in this Standard does not imply their availability or the availability of any particular grade of any species or species mixture.
2 This Standard may be used as a basis for certification of conformity under a product certification program.

General Product Information

Document Type Standard
Status Current
Publisher Standards Australia
Committee TM-003
Supersedes
  • AS 2858-2004
  • DR 08002 CP

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