API 4262 : 1990

METHANOL VEHICLE EMISSIONS

American Petroleum Institute

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Section 1 - Executive Summary
Section 2 - Methanol Vehicle Emissions Data Base
  Methanol Emissions Studies
  Exhaust Emissions Focus
  Federal Test Procedure Conditions
  Measurement Procedures
  Test Vehicles
  Two Emissions Data Bases
  Determining Emissions Trends
Section 3 - Measuring Methanol Vehicle Emissions
  Organic Material Hydrocarbon-Equivalent Emissions
  Flame Ionization Detection
  Measurement Bias
Section 4 - Methanol Emissions Trends
  Analysis of all Emissions Data with Odometer Readings
    Formaldehyde
    Nitrogen Oxides
    Organics
    Carbon Monoxide
  Classes of Vehicles Providing Data for Analysis
    Dedicated M85 Vehicles (Older U.S. Auto Manufacturer
    Technology)
    Dedicated M85 Vehicles (Older Foreign Auto
    Manufacturer Technology)
    Dedicated M85 Vehicles (Recent U.S. Auto
    Manufacturer Technology)
    Dedicated M85 Vehicles (Recent Foreign Auto
    Manufacturer Technology)
    Dedicated M100 Vehicles
    Flexible-Fuel Vehicles
  Emissions Trends from Restricted Data
    Formaldehyde Emissions
    Nitrogen Oxide Emissions
    Carbon Monoxide Emissions
    Organic Emissions
  Analysis of Additional Methanol Emissions Data and
  Advanced Catalyst Research
    Analysis of Prototype Vehicle Technology
    Analysis of Advanced Catalyst Research
  Evaporative Emissions Trends
Section 5 - Conclusions
  M85 Vehicles
  M100 Vehicles
Section 6 - References
Appendix A - Exhaust Emissions Data
Appendix B - Evaporative Emissions Data
Appendix C - Summary of Methanol Vehicle Emissions
             Studies
Figures
1. Formaldehyde Emissions: Dedicated M85 Toyota Camry
2. Formaldehyde Emissions: 1981-85 vs. 1986-88 Models
3. Formaldehyde Emissions: M85 vs. M100
4. NOx Emissions: 1981-85 vs. 1986-88 Models
5. NOx Emissions: M85 vs. M100
6. OMHCE Emissions: 1981-85 vs. 1986-88 Models
7. OMHCE Emissions: M85vs. M100
8. CO Emissions: 1981-85 vs. 1986-88 Models
9. CO Emissions: M85 vs. M100
10. Distribution of Maximum Mileage Accumulated
11. Formaldehyde emissions: Full vs. Subset Data
12. NOx Emissions: Full vs. Subset Data
13. OMHCE EMissions: Full vs. Subset Data
14. CO Emissions: Full vs. Subset Data
15. Formaldehyde Emissions: Five 1983 Carbureted Ford
     Escorts (M85)
16. Formaldehyde Emissions: Three 1983 Fuel-Injected
     Ford Escorts (M85)
17. Formaldehyde Emissions: Two 1981 Fuel-Injected
     Volkswagen Rabbits (M85)
18. Formaldehyde Emissions: Four Domestic Dedicated
     Vehicles (M85)
19. Formaldehyde Emissions: Four Dedicated Toyotas
20. Formaldehyde Emissions: Four Dedicated Vehicles
     (M100)
21. Formaldehyde Emissions: Seven 1987 Ford Crown
     Victorias (M85 Flexible-Fuel Vehicles)
22. Formaldehyde Emissions: 1987 Ford Crown Victoria
     and 1988 Chevrolet Corsica (M85 Flexible-Fuel
     Vehicles)
23. NOx Emissions: Five 1983 Carbureted Ford Escorts
     (M85)
24. NOx Emissions: Three 1983 Fuel-Injected Ford
     Escorts (M85)
25. NOx Emissions: Two 1981 Fuel-Injected Volkswagen
     Rabbits (M85)
26. NOx Emissions: Four Domestic Dedicated Vehicles
     (M85)
27. NOx Emissions: Four Dedicated Toyotas (M85)
28. NOx Emissions: Four Dedicated Vehicles (M100)
29. NOx Emissions: Seven 1987 Ford Crown Victoras
     (M85 Flexible-Fuel Vehicles)
30. NOx Emissions: 1987 Ford Crown Victoria and 1988
     Chevrolet Corsica (M85 Flexible-Fuel Vehicles)
31. CO Emissions: Five 1983 Carbureted Ford Escorts
     (M85)
32. CO Emissions: Three 1983 Fuel-Injected Ford Escorts
     (M85)
33. CO Emissions: Two 1981 Fuel-Injected Volkswagen
     Rabbits (M85)
34. CO Emissions: Four Domestic Dedicated Vehicles
     (M85)
35. CO Emissions: Four Dedicated Toyotas (M85)
36. CO Emissions: Four Dedicated Vehicles (M100)
37. CO Emissions: Seven 1987 Ford Crown Victorias
     (M85 Flexible-Fuel Vehicles)
38. CO Emissions: 1987 Ford Crown Victoria and 1988
     Chevrolet Corsica (M85) Flexible-Fuel Vehicles)
39. OMHCE Emissions: Two 1983 Carbureted Ford Escorts
     (M85)
40. OMHCE Emissions: Three 1983 Fuel-Injected Ford
     Escorts (M85)
41. OMHCR Emissions: Two Domestic Dedicated Vehicles
     (M100)
42. OMHCE Emissions: Four Dedicated Toyotas (M85)
43. OMHCE Emissions: Dedicated Toyota Carina (M100)
44. OMHCE Emissions: Six 1987 Ford Crown Victorias
     (M85 Flexible-Fuel Vehicles)
45. OMHCE Emissions: 1987 Ford Crown Victoria and
     1988 Chevrolet Corsica (M85 Flexible-Fuel Vehicles)
46. Total Organic Evaporative Emissions: Seven 1987
     Ford Crown Victorias (M85 Flexible-Fuel Vehicles)
47. Total Organic Evaporative Emissions: Three 1983
     Fuel-Injected Ford Escorts (M85)
48. Total Organic Evaporative Emissions: Two Dedicated
     Toyotas (M85)
Numerous Tables

Abstract

This publication (a) identifies and presents empirical data on emissions from methanol vehicles and (b) systematically compares and evaluates emissions trends among various types of methanol vehicles over time. Provides a systematic, comprehensive compilation and analysis of these data, taken from every major study of methanol vehicles for at least the last 10 years, and then organizes the data into logical subgroups that permit analysis of important emissions hypotheses.