API 302 : 1991

WASTE MINIMIZATION IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY : A COMPENDIUM OF PRACTICES

American Petroleum Institute

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Foreword
Preface
Executive Summary
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Case Studies
1. Introduction and Document Use
1.1 Background
1.2 Using this Document
2. Waste Minimization
3. Exploration and Production Waste Minimization
3.1 Design and Planning Considerations
3.2 Drilling and Workover Fluids
3.3 Oily Sludges from Production Activities
3.4 Solvents and Chemicals
3.5 Miscellaneous Used Materials
4. Refining Waste Minimization Practices
4.1 Oily Sludges
4.2 Tank Bottoms
4.3 Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) Decant Oil
      Sludge
4.4 Purge Stream from Tail Gas Treating
4.5 Empty Drums
4.6 Slop Oils
4.7 Solvents
4.8 Spent Caustics
4.9 Spent Catalysts
4.10 Spent Clay
4.11 Sandblast Media
4.12 HF Sludge Media
4.13 Cooling Tower Blowdown
4.14 Miscellaneous Wastewater System Wastes
5. Marketing Waste Minimization
5.1 General Procedures for all Marketing Facilities
5.2 Classification of Marketing Segment Facilities
5.3 Refined Product Storage and Distribution Terminals
      and Bulk Plants
5.4 Complex Marketing Terminals
5.5 Retail Facilities (Service Station, Fast Lubes,
      C-Stores and Truck Stops)
Bibliography
Appendix A - Questionnaire and Instructions
Appendix B - Letter of Transmittal for Production,
             Refining and Marketing
List of Figures
4.1-1. Typical Refinery Solids Recycle Loop
4.1-2. Integration of Sludge Treating Unit into
         Refinery Operation
4.1-3. Desalter Brine Treating Unit
4.1-4. Belt Filter Block Press Flow Diagram
4.1-5. Plate Fileter Press Block Flow Diagram
4.1-6. Cross Section Diagram Recessed Plate Filter
4.1-7. Rotary Vacuum Filter Block Flow
4.1-8. Operatio of a Horizontal Scroll Centrifuge
4.1-9. Operation of a Disc Centrifuge
4.1-10. Thermal Treatment Block Flow Diagram
4.1-11. Process Flow Diagram Quench Water Injection
4.1-12. Process Flow Diagram Coking Cycle Injection
4.1-13. Process Flow Diagram Blowdown Injection
4.3-1. FCCU Decant Oil Catalyst Removal System Block
         Flow Diagram
4.4-1. Recovery Process Block Flow Diagram
4.8-1. Phenol in Gasoline
4.8-2. Phenolic Caustic Treatment
4.13-1. A Simplified Schematic of a Cooling Tower
C-4-4. Deoiling of Desalter Effluent
C-4-7. Sludge Coking Process
C-5-1. Asphalt Waste Recycling
List of Case Studies
3-1. Filter Press
4-1. Street Sweeper to Reduce Oily Sludges
4-2. Reuse of FCC Fines
4-3. Alternative Sandblast Media and Recycle
4-4. Deoiling of Desalter Effluent
4-5. Screening of Solids from Exchanger Cleaning
4-6. Spent Jet Fuel Treater Clay Deoiling
4-7. Sludge Coking
4-8. Chemical Recovery Process
5-1. Asphalt Waste Recycling
5-2. Recycling of Soap Dust Waste

Abstract

In early 1988, API undertook a project to develop a compendium of the waste minimization practices for several different segments of the petroleum industry. This Compendium is now complete and finally available to the public. The Compendium discusses a large variety of practices that can and are being utilized by the industry to reduce both the volume and toxicity of wastes. From "good house keeping practices" for marketing facilities to the recycling of solvents, stormwater and other traditional waste streams at refineries, the Compendium illustrates the various practices available to minimize wastes in the industry.