API 1107 : 1991

PIPELINE MAINTENANCE WELDING PRACTICES

American Petroleum Institute

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Section 1 - General
1.1 Scope
1.2 Definition of terms
1.2.1 General
1.2.2 Definitions
1.3 Equipment
1.4 Materials
1.4.1 Pipe, fittings, and repair materials
1.4.2 Filler metal
1.4.3 Shielding gases
1.5 Referenced publications
Section 2 - Qualification of welding procedures
2.1 Procedure qualification
2.2 Records
2.3 Procedure specification
2.4 Essential variables
2.5 Welding of test assembly
2.6 Procedure qualification tests
2.6.1 Preparation
2.6.2 Tensile tests
2.6.3 Nick-break tests
2.6.4 Root- and face-bend tests
2.6.5 Side-bend tests - groove welds
2.6.6 Macro-section tests - fillet welds
Section 3 - Welder qualification
3.1 Purpose
3.2 Welding of test assembly
3.3 Essential variables for welder qualification
3.4 Visual examination
3.5 Performance qualification tests - destructive
       testing
3.5.1 Sampling of test welds
3.5.2 Tensile-, nick-break-, and bend-test procedures
3.5.3 Macro-section-test procedures and test acceptance
       criteria - fillet welds
3.6 Retest
3.7 Records of qualified welders
Section 4 - Suggested maintenance welding practices
4.1 General
4.2 Alignment
4.2.1 Offset
4.2.2 Root opening (complete encirclement fittings)
4.3 Bevels
4.4 Weather conditions
4.5 Clearance
4.6 Cleaning
4.7 Welding sequence
Section 5 - Inspection and testing of maintenance welds
5.1 Right of inspection
5.2 Visual inspection
5.3 Nondestructive testing
5.4 Certification of nondestructive testing personnel
5.4.1 Procedures for certifying nondestructive testing
       personnel
5.4.2 Record of certified nondestructive testing
       personnel
5.5 Right of rejection
5.6 Qualification of welding inspectors
Section 6 - Standards of acceptability: nondestructive
            testing (including visual)
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Limitations of test methods
6.3 Incomplete fusion
6.4 Porosity
6.5 Cracks
6.6 Undercutting
Section 7 - Repair or removal of defects
7.1 Authorization for repair by welding
7.2 Removal and preparation for repair of defects
7.3 Testing of repairs
7.4 Procedure for repair of cracks
Figures
1 Procedure qualification test assembly
2 Location of test specimens - maintenance welding
       procedure qualification test
3 Tensile-test specimen - groove welds
4 Nick-break-test specimens - groove welds
5 Nick-break-test specimens - fillet welds
6 Dimensioning of discontinuities in weld specimens
7 Root-bend- and face-bend-test specimens - groove
       welds
8 Jig for guided bend test
9 Side-bend-test specimen - groove welds
10 Macro-test specimen - fillet welds
11 Welder qualification test assembly
12 Location of test specimens - maintenance welder
       qualification test
13 Reinforcing pad
14 Reinforcing saddle
15 Encirclement sleeve
16 Encirclement tee
17 Encirclement saddle
19 Maximum distribution of gas pockets: wall
       thicknesses less than or equal to 1/2 inch (12.7
       millimeters)
20 Maximum distribution of gas pockets: wall
       thicknesses greater than 1/2 inch (12.7
       millimeters)
Tables
1 Filler metal groups
2 Type and number of test specimens - procedure
       qualification test
3 Type and number of test specimens - welder
       qualification test
4 Undercutting limits

Abstract

Covers recommended maintenance welding practices that may be used when repairing or installing appurtenances on pipeline systems that are or have been in service in the compression , pumping, and transmission of crude petroleum, petroleum products, and fuel gases. It is also intended to apply, where applicable, when making repairs to the distribution piping systems for these products. The welding may be done by shielded metal-arc welding, gas tungsten- arc welding, gas metal- arc welding,flux-cored arc welding, or oxyacetylene welding using a manual or semiautomatic welding technique or a combination of the techniques.