API 4531 : 1991

Table of Contents

Introduction
  Hydrocarbon solubility and the effects of oxygenate
  cosolvents - previous research and the approach selected
Laboratory experiments
  Experimental methods
  Time-to-equilibrium experiments
  Effect of varying aqueous:gasoline phase ratios
  Aqueous BTEX concentrations from oxygenate-gasoline
  mixtures
  Cosolubility effects of high methanol contents
  Volume proportions of BTEX
Predicting aqueous concentrations of BTEX from PS-6
gasoline
  Partitioning theory
  Effect of aqueous:gasoline phase ratios on BTEX solubility
Predicting aqueous BTEX concentrations from gasoline
containing oxygenate additives
  Effect of a hydrophilic oxygenate on the aqueous
  concentrations of BTEX
  Enhanced solubility of BTEX by hydrophilic solvents
    Cosolvency theory
    Effect of methanol on benzene solubility
    Effect of methanol on BTEX solubility from gasoline
    Effect of aqueous:gasoline phase ratios at higher
    methanol contents
    Summary of cosolvency effects
  Dissolved BTEX plumes resulting from spills of
  methanol:gasoline mixtures
    Methanol partitioning
    Successive batches
    BTEX plumes
Conclusions
References
Appendix A - Specifications and composition of PS-6
             gasoline
Appendix B - Analytical methods/quality control results
Appendix C - Parameter values used in calculations
Appendix D - Relationship between normalized and
             unnormalized data
Appendix E - Successive batch simulations

Abstract

Oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds may be added to gasoline mixtures to improve emission quality and octane ratings or to conservice petroleum resources, which may alter the behavior of dissolved organic compounds in groundwater following a fuel spill. This study evaluates the effects of oxygenate additives such as methanol or methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether (MTBE) on the aqueous solubility of dissolved aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the isomers of xylene, collectively referred to as BTEX) from gasoline. It also explores the nature of the dissolved contaminant plumes that could develop from a spill of gasoline containing methanol.

General Product Information

Published
Document Type	Standard
Status	Current
Publisher	American Petroleum Institute
Pages
ISBN