API 4589 : 1993

FUGITIVE HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION OPERATIONS

American Petroleum Institute

More details

More info

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 STUDY METHODOLOGY
      INTRODUCTION
          Objectives
          Scope
      DESCRIPTION OF METHODOLOGY
          Study Site Selection
          Screening Procedures
          Bagging Procedures
          Laboratory Procedures
          Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures
      DATA MANAGEMENT
          Development of Correlation Equations
          Development of Emission Factors
2 ONSHORE RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
      DATA COLLECTION
      QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
      CORRELATION EQUATIONS
      EMISSION FACTORS
          Average Emission Factors
          Leak/No Leak Emission Factors
          Stratified Emission Factors
      SPECIATION OF EMISSIONS
      REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN FUGITIVE EMISSIONS
      CONTROL EFFICIENCY OF INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
      PROGRAMS
3 OFFSHORE RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
      DATA COLLECTION
      QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
      CORRELATION EQUATIONS
      EMISSION FACTORS
          Average Emission Factors
          Leak/No Leak Emission Factors
          Stratified Emission Factors
      SPECIATION OF EMISSIONS
      REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN FUGITIVE EMISSIONS
      CONTROL EFFICIENCY OF INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
      PROGRAMS
FUGITIVE EMISSIONS WORKBOOK
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA
APPENDIX B FIELD INVENTORY SHEET DATA
APPENDIX C EMITTER DATA
APPENDIX D NONAROMATIC SPECIATION DATA
APPENDIX E AROMATIC SPECIATION DATA
TABLES
ES-1 Number of Components Screened, Emitters Found, and
      Samples Collected and Analyzed during API/GRI
      Study
ES-2 Correlation Equations
ES-3 Default Zero THC Emission Factors
ES-4 Average THC Emission Factors (Overall)
ES-5 Average THC Emission Factors (Component Specific)
ES-6 Leak/No Leak THC Emission Factors
ES-7 Stratified THC Emission Factors
ES-8 Speciated Hydrocarbon Factors
1-1 Sites included in the 1993 API/GRI Study
2-1 Components Screened and Emitters Found at Onshore
      Sites
2-2 Onshore Emitters by Screening Range
2-3 Contribution of Each Screening Range to Total
      Emissions
2-4 First and Second Analyses for Nonaromatic
      Hydrocarbons
2-5 First and Second Analyses for Aromatic Hydrocarbons
2-6 Correlation of Repeated Laboratory Analyses
2-7 Correlation Equations
2-8 Default Zero THC Emission Factors
2-9 Average THC Emission Factors (Overall)
2-10 Average THC Emission Factors (Component specific)
2-11 Leak/No Leak THC Emission Factors
2-12 Stratified THC Emission Factors
2-13 Weight Fraction of Emissions by Number of Carbons
2-14 Average Emission Rate of Components with ISVs of
      100,000 ppmv (By region)
3-1 Components Screened and Emitters Found at Offshore
      Platforms
3-2 Offshore Emitters by Screening Range
3-3 Contribution of Each Screening Range to Total
      Emissions
3-4 Correlation Equations
3-5 Default Zero THC Emission Factors
3-6 Average THC Emission Factors (Overall)
3-7 Average THC Emission Factors (Component specific)
3-8 Leak/No-Leak THC Emission Factors
3-9 Stratified THC Emission Factors
3-10 Weight Fraction of Emissions by Number of Carbons
3-11 Number of Components Installed on Pacific OCS
      Platforms Monitored by the MMS, and the Average
      Leak Rates
3-12 Fugitive Hydrocarbon Emissions Predicted by MMS
      and API/GRI Correlation Equations
FIGURE
Various

Abstract

This report shows that fugitive emissions from production facilities are considerably lower than they were in the late 1970s. More than 180,000 components at 20 offshore and onshore facilities have been screened using portable detectors. Mass emission rates from "bagged" emitters - valves, connectors and other components such as seals and vents - are used to develop emission factors for individual components and groups of components. A workbook is also included in the report which provides site operators with three different options to calculate emissions from their facilities.