API 4627 : 1995

IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIODEGRADATION OF REFINED AND FUEL OILS: A REVIEW OF TECHNICAL LITERATURE 1988-1991

American Petroleum Institute

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1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Background and Organization
    1.2 On-site Vs.In Situ Bioremediation
    1.3 Related Literature Reviews
2 PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON MICROBIOLOGY
    2.1 Genetics and Metabolic Pathways
    2.2 Naturally Occurring Microorganisms
    2.3 Cultured Isolates of Microorganisms
    2.4 Bioengineered Microorganisms
    2.5 Transport of Microorganisms in Groundwater
3 NATURALLY OCCURRING BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM
    PRODUCTS
    3.1 Aerobic Biodegradation
    3.2 Anaerobic Biodegradation
4 ON SITE BIOREMEDIATION
    4.1 Aerobic On site Bioremediation
    4.2 Anaerobic On site Bioremediation
    4.3 Nutrient Addition to Enhance On Site
         Bioremediation
5 IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION
    5.1 New Subsurface Sampling Technology
    5.2 Aerobic In Situ Bioremediation
         5.2.1 Hydrogen Peroxide Addition
         5.2.2 Bioventing
         5.2.3 Carbon Isotope Analysis
    5.3 In Situ Bioremediation Under Anoxic Conditions
    5.4 Nutrient Addition to Enhance In Situ
         Bioremediation
6 MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF ON SITE AND IN SITU
    BIOREMEDIATION
7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1 Transport and Biodegradation of Spilled Petroleum
    Hydrocarbons in the Subsurface under Natural
    Conditions
2 Bacteria Oxidation Pathways for Toluene and Benzene
LIST OF TABLES
Table
1 Hydrocarbon-Degrading Microorganisms
2 Biodegradation Rates of BTEX Compounds
3 Comparison of Results for Three Methods of
    Quantifying Microbes from Soil Samples Taken from a
    Gasoline Spill Site over 16 Weeks

Abstract

Review of over 200 technical articles published between 1988 and 1991 in the area of on-site and in situ bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons. It focuses specifically on current field and laboratory research related to petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation including biodegradation of crude oil and solvents. Recent work in fate and transport modeling that can be applied to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in groundwater is also covered. The review is designed to complement an earlier (pre-1988) review published by the U.S Navy.