API 7104 : 1997

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1995 API AND GRI NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL (NORM) CONFERENCE

American Petroleum Institute

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Session 1: Measurement and Survey
Determination of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in Samples
from the Gas and Oil Industry
     W.A.I. Knaepen, W. Bergwerf, P.F.J. Lancee and
     G. Jonkers, Shell Research B.V. - Amsterdam
Detecting NORM Contaminated Tubing During Pulling Operations
     Thomas M. Williams, Texaco, Inc., EPTD
High Density Radiological Site Characterization Surveys for NORM
Sites
     C.R. Flynn, M.S. Blair and R.R. Highfill,
     Chemrad Tennessee Corp.
Methods of Estimating Dose to Individuals from NORM
     J.L. Alvarez, Auxier & Associates; R. Gedes,
     Monsanto Chemical Co.; J.R. Rice, FMC Corporation
Evaluation of NORM Site Release Criteria for Unrestricted Use
     Alan McArthur, Central Environmental, Inc.;
     Simon Schroeder, Environmental Management, Inc.;
     William Lemons, Core Laboratories, Inc.
Radioactive Lead: An Underestimated NORM Issue?
     F.A. Hartog, W.A.I. Knaepen and G. Jonkers,
     Shell Research B.V. - Amsterdam
Session 2: Regulatory Issues and Activities
Development of a Comprehensive NORM Program
     Steve Woods, Steve Abernathy, Halliburton Energy
     Services; Peter Johnson, CORPEX Technologies, Inc.
Transportation Regulations for LSA NORM
     A. Wendell Carriker, Jack G. Albright,
     Office of Hazardous Materials Technology, Research and
     Special Programs Administration, U.S. Department of
     Transportation, Washington, D.C.
Session 3: NORM Management and Disposal
Effective Removal of NORM Scale in the Rycroft Field
     W.G.F. Ford, L.L. Gadeken, T.J. Callahan,
     Halliburton Energy Services; D.Jackson, Pan Canadian
     Petroleum Limited
Technical Profile of the Envirocare of Utah, Inc. NORM
Disposal Operation
     Kevin C. Fuller, Envirocare of Utah, Inc.
Modeling of NORM Injection in a Layered Geologic System
     G.P. Williams, K.P. Smith, D.L. Blunt,
     Argonne National Laboratory; C.L. Tebes,
     University of Illinois Champaign/Urban
Session 4: NORM Scale Prediction and Control
Controlling Barium Sulfate Scale Deposition by Inhibitor Squeeze at
the Guerra Well in South Texas: A Case Study
     Michael J. McKenzie, Texaco E&P; Shiliang He,
     Rice University; Charles Hinrichsen, Texaco, Inc.;
     John E. Oddo, Water Research Institute;
     Anthony J. Gerbino, OLI Systems, Inc.; Amy T. Kan
     Mason B. Tomson, Rice University
A Laboratory and Field Study of the Mitigation of NORM Scale in
the Gulf Coast Region of the United States
     John E. Oddo, Xiliang Zhou, Water Research Institute;
     Jorge P. Gamez, Gas Research Institute; Shiliang He,
     Mason B. Tomson, Rice University
Control of NORM at Eugene Island 341-A
     P.J. Shuler, Chevron Petroleum Technology Company
     D.A. Baudoin, Chevron U.S.A.; D.J. Weintritt,
     Weintritt Consulting
A Comparison of NORM Scale Dissolvers
     Darrell L. Gallup, Unocal Corporation
Remediation of Normally Occurring Radioactive Material (N.O.R.M.):
A Field Trial
     J.D. Orum, D. Baudoin, AMBAR Laboratories;
     O. Briscoe, AMBAR, Inc.
Computer Aided Prediction of NORM Associated Scale
     A.J. Gerbino, S.J. Saunders, M. Rafal,
     OLI Systems, Inc

Abstract

The certification of the analytical results has been performed by a foreign (i.c. non-Dutch) institute. Only after the implementation of corrective actions as agreed by the participants, standardised analytical methods for E&P NORM samples could be defined. The standardised methods that were arrived at are given in general terms in this paper.