API 4647 : 1997

BRAIN GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN (GFAP) AS A MARKER OF NEUROTOXICITY DURING INHALATION EXPOSURE TO TOLUENE

American Petroleum Institute

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 Introduction
2 Methods
        Animals
        Exposure to toluene
        Body weight
        Thymus and adrenal gland weight
        Locomotor behavior
        Neuropathology
        Total protein in the brain
        GFAP
        Corticosterone
        Statistics
3 Results
        Body weight
        Thymus and adrenal weight
        Behavior during toluene inhalation
        Behavior after toluene exposure
        Neuropathology
        Quality control: variability in protein data
        Brain total protein
        Brain gap
        Corticosterone
4 Discussion
        Implications for future research
REFERENCES
Figure
1 The Replication of GFAP Assay Results
2 Behavior during Toluene Inhalation and Post-exposure
3 Significant Changes in Brain GFAP after the Third Day
    of Exposure to Toluene
4 Increased GFAP in the Hippocampus of Rats Exposed for
    3 and 7 Days to 3,000 ppm Toluene
5 Effects of 21 Days Exposure to 100, 300 or 1,000 ppm
    Toluene on GFAP in the Hippocampus
6 GFAP in the Cerebellum during 42 Days Exposure to 300 ppm
    Toluene
7 GFAP in the Cerebellum Returned to Baseline after
    42 Days of Exposure to 1,000 ppm Toluene
8 Reduction in Thalamic GFAP on Days 3 and 7 of Exposure
    to 1,000 ppm Toluene and Serum Corticosterone after
    3 and 7 Days Exposure to 1,000 ppm toluene
LIST OF TABLES
Tables
1 Body Weight during Exposure to Toluene
2 Summary of Effects on GFAP

Abstract

This study evaluated the concentration of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the rat's brain as a practical biomarker of toluene-induced neurotoxicity. Adult male rats received inhalation exposure to toluene scheduled to approximate occupational exposure for up to 42 days. During and after exposure, the concentration of GFAP was determined in four brain regions and compared with standard criteria of neurotoxicity: behavioral or neuropathological changes.