CRITICAL REVIEW OF SOURCE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHODOLOGIES FOR CHARACTERIZING ORGANIC AEROSOL AND FINE PARTICULATE SOURCE EMISSION PROFILES
American Petroleum Institute
Acronyms
Executive summary
1. Introduction
Report organization
2. Background
National ambient PM2.5 standards
Particulate matter in the atmosphere
Particle size
Factors affecting ambient particle size and composition
Chemical composition
Aerosol Formation
Primary particles
Secondary particles: chemical and physical transformation
in the atmosphere
Secondary sulfate pathways
Secondary nitrate pathways
Secondary organic aerosols
Petroleum industry combustion sources
3. Ambient air sampling and analysis methods
Ambient particulate sampling methods
Size-selective inlets
Filter media and filter holders
Flow measurement, control and movement
Filter analysis methods
Mass
Elements
Ions
Carbon measurements
Speciated organic compounds
Organic gas sampling and analysis methods
Whole-air sampling
Preconcentration methods
Selective methods of compound preconcentration
Semi-volatile compounds
4. Traditional stationary source emission measurements
Particulate emissions
Particle size distribution and PM10
PM2.5 precursors
Semivolatile organic compounds
Ammonia
NOx and SOx
SOx
Elemental analysis
5. Aerosol source emissions measurements
Dilution sampling versus traditional approaches
Evolution of dilution sampler designs
Current dilution sampler designs
Caltech system
Desert research institute (SRI) system
Nuclear environmental analysis, Inc. (NEA) system
URG system
Southern research institute system
California air resources board system
Consideration for petroleum industry source tests
Portability
Sample collection
Sampling media selection
6. Recommendations
Test objectives
Test methodology
Dilution ratio
Residence time
Particle losses
Sample contamination
Flow control and measurement
Field use
7. References
This report gives a review of sampling and analysis techniques for characterizing stationary source emissions of organic aerosols, fine particulate matter, and their precursors. It is intended that this information be used in designing future measurement programs for characterizing emissions from stationary sources which contribute to fine particle concentrations in the atmosphere. The review in this report is based on literature and discussions with technical/scientific experts in academia, industry and the regulatory community.
| Document Type | Standard |
| Status | Current |
| Publisher | American Petroleum Institute |
