API 4687 : 1999

1999 INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL CONFERENCE

American Petroleum Institute

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Executive Summary
1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Objectives and Organization of This Report
    1.2 Approach
2 THE HISTORY OF JUDGING SPILL RESPONSE PERFORMANCE
    2.1 Spill Response in the 1970s and 1980s
    2.2 Spill Response in the 1990s
    2.3 Summary
3 THE STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING PERFORMANCE
    3.1 Responsible Party
    3.2 Spill Managers
    3.3 Operations Specialists
    3.4 Operation Specialists
    3.5 Scientific Community
    3.6 Government Resource Trustees
    3.7 Media
    3.8 Environmental Groups
    3.9 Elected Officials
    3.10 Business and Property Owners
    3.11 The Fishing Industry
    3.12 Summary of Stakeholder Response Performance Criteria
4 FORCES THAT PROMOTE OR IMPEDE PERFORMANCE
    4.1 Current Perspectives in Spill Response
          Spill Management Performance Factors
          Media Relations
          Application of Net Environmental Benefit Analysis
    4.2 Factors That Promote Performance During Response
          Advance Planning
          Training
          Research
          Narrow Authority
    4.3 Factors That Impede Performance During Response
          Broad-Based Authority
          Legal Issues
          Public Outrage
          Environmental and Other Citizens Groups Agendas
          Rejection of Trade-Off Concept
          Rejection of No Action Alternative
    4.4 Recommendations For Improving Performance During Response
          Teamwork and Streamlined Management
          Decision Making by Spill Experts
          Effective Communications
5 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
    5.1 Current Status
    5.2 Process for Assessing Performance
          Phase 1: Identify Stakeholder Performance Criteria
          Phase 2: Develop Contingency Plan
          Phase 3: Conduct Exercise and Responses
          Phase 4: Assess Response Performance
    5.3 Summary
6 RECOMMENDATIONS
    6.1 Use Stakeholder Process to Establish
          Response Criteria and Standards
    6.2 Use a Systematic Approach to Assess Performance
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
    PRINT MEDIA ARTICLES
LIST OF TABLES
     1 Summary of Response Performance Criteria
     2 Criteria for Success
LIST OF FIGURES
     1 Key Stakeholders in Oil Spill Response
     2 Factors That Promote Performance
     3 Factors That Impede Performance and Stimulate Polarization
     4 Proposed Response Performance Assessment Process
     5 Macro Process of the Performance of an Organization
     6 Macro Process Model Applied to Spill Response - Operations
     7 A Recommended Process for Assessing Spill Response
           Performance Using an Independent Panel

Abstract

Defines the objectives and organizations to; identify the various parties that are stakeholders and the criteria and standards they use to judge response performance; to develop recommendations to improve response and to develop recommendations to improve response performance measurement; to identify and discuss factors that promote and impede performance; to explore the history of judging spill response performance from the 1960s to the present.