API 4704 : 2001

GAS FIRED HEATER - TEST REPORT SITE B - CHARACTERIZATION OF FINE PARTICULATE EMISSION FACTORS AND SPECIATION PROFILES FROM STATIONARY PETROLEUM INDUSTRY COMBUSTION SOURCES

American Petroleum Institute

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
     PROJECT OVERVIEW
     PROJECT OBJECTIVES
      Primary Objectives
      Secondary Objective
     TEST OVERVIEW
      Source Level (In-Stack) Samples
      Dilution Stack Gas Samples
      Process Samples
     KEY PERSONNEL
2.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
     SAMPLING LOCATIONS
3.0 TEST PROCEDURES
     STACK GAS FLOW RATE, MOISTURE CONTENT AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     O[2], CO[2], CO, NO[X] AND SO[2]
     IN-STACK METHOD TESTS
      In-Stack Total Filterable PM, PM10 and PM2.5
      Condensible Particulate Matter Mass and Chemical Analysis
     DILUTION TUNNEL TESTS
      PM2.5 Mass
      Elements
      Sulfate, Nitrate, Chloride and Ammonium
      Organic and Elemental Carbon
      Volatile Organic Compounds
      Semivolatile Organic Compounds
4.0 TEST RESULTS
     PROCESS OPERATING CONDITIONS
     PRELIMINARY TEST RESULTS
     STACK GAS CONDITIONS AND FLOW RATE
     CO, NO[X], AND SO[2] EMISSIONS
     IN-STACK AND IMPINGER METHOD RESULTS
      Particulate Mass
      OC, EC and SVOCs
     DILUTION TUNNEL RESULTS
      Particulate Mass
      Sulfate, Chloride, Nitrate and Ammonium
      OC, EC and Organic Species
      Elements
5.0 EMISSION FACTORS AND SPECIFICATION PROFILES
     UNCERTAINTY
     EMISSION FACTORS
     PM2.5 SPECIATION PROFILES
      Dilution Tunnel
      Method 201A/202
6.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE
     SAMPLE STORAGE AND SHIPPING
     DILUTION TUNNEL FLOWS
     GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
      Dilution Tunnel Filters
      In-Stack Filters
     ELEMENTAL (XRF) ANALYSIS
     ORGANIC AND ELEMENTAL CARBON ANALYSIS
     SULFATE, NITRATE, CHLORIDE, AND AMMONIUM ANALYSIS
     SVOC ANALYSIS
     VOC ANALYSIS
     CEMS ANALYSIS
7.0 DISCUSSION AND FINDINGS
     PM2.5 MASS MEASUREMENTS
     CHEMICAL SPECIATION OF PRIMARY PM2.5 EMISSIONS
     SECONDARY PM2.5 PRECURSOR EMISSIONS
REFERENCES
Appendix A
GLOSSARY
Appendix B
SI CONVERSION FACTORS

Abstract

The USEPA in 1997, promulgated new ambient air standards for particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM 2.5). Source emissions data are needed to assess the contribution of petroleum industry combustion sources to ambient PM 2.5 concentrations. The report presents particulate measurement results from a 114 million British thermal unit (MMBtu) per hour gas-fired refinery process heater.