API TR 2567 : 2005

EVAPORATIVE LOSS FROM STORAGE TANK FLOATING ROOF LANDINGS

American Petroleum Institute

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
   1.1 Statement of Purpose
   1.2 Summary of the Investigations
   1.3 Scope and Limitations of the Model
   1.4 Proposed Estimating Methods
       1.4.1 Standing Idle Loss
       1.4.2 Filling Loss
       1.4.3 Total Landing Loss
       1.4.4 Landing Loss Estimation Equations
2. DESCRIPTION OF CONCENTRATION AND SATURATION
3. DESCRIPTION OF FLOATING-ROOF LANDING LOSSES
   3.1 Landing Loss Events
   3.2 Standing Idle Loss Mechanisms
       3.2.1 Internal Floating-Roof Tanks With a Liquid Heel
             3.2.1.1 Confidence in the Breathing Loss Model
             3.2.1.2 Derivation of the Breathing Loss Model
       3.2.2 External Floating-Roof Tanks With a Liquid Heel
             3.2.2.1 Confidence in the Wind Effects Loss Model
             3.2.2.2 Derivation of the Wind Effects Loss Model
       3.2.3 Internal or External Floating-Roof Tanks That Drain
             Dry
             3.2.3.1 Confidence in the Clingage Model
             3.2.3.2 Derivation of the Clingage Model
   3.3 Filling Loss Mechanism
       3.3.1 Internal Floating-Roof Tanks With a Liquid Heel
             3.3.1.1 Confidence in the Submerged-Fill Loading
                     Model
             3.3.1.2 Derivation of the Submerged-Fill Loading
                     Model
       3.3.2 External Floating-Roof Tanks With a Liquid Heel
             3.3.2.1 Confidence in the Wind-Affected Loading
                     Model
             3.3.2.2 Derivation of the Wind-Affected Loading
                     Model
       3.3.3 Internal or External Floating-Roof Tanks That Drain
             Dry
             3.3.3.1 Confidence in the Drain Dry Loading Model
             3.3.3.2 Derivation of the Drain Dry Loading Model
4. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
   4.1 Accounting for Cone-Down Bottoms
   4.2 Worked Examples
5. CONCLUSION
6. REFERENCES
Appendix I - Examples

Abstract

Investigates storage tank emissions that may result from landing and subsequently refloating a floating roof. The existing emission factors for floating-roof tanks are based on the assumption that the floating roof is continuously floating on the stored stock liquid. Additional emissions may occur, however, if the tank is emptied such that the floating roof is no longer floating.