API E2 : 2006

BULLETIN ON MANAGEMENT OF NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (NORM) IN OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION

American Petroleum Institute

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1 GENERAL
  1.1 Introduction
  1.2 History
  1.3 NORM in oil and gas production
  1.4 Units of measurement
2 INFORMATION ON CONTROLLING THE DEPOSITION OF NORM-CONTAINING
  SCALE
  2.1 Scale formation
  2.2 Control of scale deposition
3 SURVEY TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS
  3.1 Survey measurement and sampling techniques
  3.2 Integration of survey techniques
  3.3 Instrument care, maintenance, and calibration
  3.4 Records
4 WORKER PROTECTION
  4.1 Program needs determination
  4.2 Working with NORM-impacted material
  4.3 Vessel entry procedures
5 NORM REMOVAL GUIDELINES
  5.1 Resources
  5.2 Personnel safety and environmental protection
  5.3 Cleaning methods
6 STORAGE OF NORM
  6.1 Storage site design
  6.2 Uncontained NORM
  6.3 Contained NORM
  6.4 Sealed openings
  6.5 Cleaning exterior surfaces
  6.6 Preventing dispersal of NORM material
  6.7 Notifying employees and contractors
  6.8 Worker protection guidelines
  6.9 Signs outside storage area
  6.10 Labels on drums and equipment
  6.11 Record keeping
7 TRANSPORTING NORM
  7.1 Federal and state regulation
  7.2 DOT definitions
  7.3 Transportation guidelines for NORM
8 MANAGEMENT OF EQUIPMENT AND PROPERTY
  8.1 Regulations-property transfer
  8.2 Review/assessment-property transfer
  8.3 Disclosure-property transfer
  8.4 Regulations-property release
9 NORM DISPOSAL
  9.1 NORM waste categories
  9.2 Injection
  9.3 Disposal at commercial low-level waste facility
  9.4 Disposal in a solid waste landfill
  9.5 Equipment release to a smelter
  9.6 Landspreading and burial
APPENDIX A SOME PROPERTIES OF RADIOACTIVITY
APPENDIX B GLOSSARY OF RADIATION TERMINOLOGY
APPENDIX C LIMITS FOR RADIATION DOSE
APPENDIX D STATUTES AND REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO NORM
APPENDIX E DISCUSSION OF REPORTS ON MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL
           ALTERNATIVES FOR NORM-IMPACTED MATERIALS